Japanese+in+Korea

= -Japanese in Korea- =

**1876 - Treaty of Ganghwa,** The treaty of Ganghwa was signed by Ganghwado Joyak on February 27, 1876. This treaty was also known as the Japanese-Korea treaty of Amity. The purpose of this treaty was to open up Korea to Japanese trade. It also ended Korea’s status as a protectorate for China. [1] After the Industrial Revolution finished, in the 18th century, European nations began to colonize divers other weaker nations in Africa and Asia the political ideology of the Europeans called Imperialism. Almost all countries in Africa were colonized by European Powers; most of Central, South and Southeast Asia including India was taken by various European nations. East Asia also was invaded by foreign powers, starting with the Opium Wars in China by Britain and other foreign powers; China's empire was reduced to a half-colonized, and half not- colonized territory. Meantime, the American Asiatic Squadron under the leadership of Matthew C. Perry forced Japan to open its ports to the western countries in 1854. Humiliated by the bad treatment and the possibility of losing its independence and wholeness to imperialist powers, Japan embarked on a fast transformation, successfully turning itself from a comparatively medieval society into a modern industrialized state. The strong dictatorship Heungseon Daewongun was defeated by Empress Myeongseong who made a policy for closing the doors to European people. France and U.S.A in the Heungseon Daewongun's era tried for several times to begin commerce with Joseon Dynasty. However when he was removed from the power, many officials that were with the idea of opening commerce with foreigners went over the power. When there was political instability, Japan created a plan to open and exert influence to Korea before the Europeans could. In 1875 they activated their plan. The Japanese //Un'yō// warship leaded by Inoue Yoshika was sent to survey coastal water without Korean's permission. On Sep. 20 1875 the ship arrived to Ganghwa Island but they struggled arriving there because they had been exposed to violent acts between Korean forces and foreign forces in the previous decade. The island got occupied by the French in 1866 and also by the American intervention in 1871. Nonotheless, Commander Inoue ordered a small boat to go in search of drinkable water. The Korean forts started the war. The Un'yō brought its superior firepower to lead and silenced the Korean. Then it attacked another Korean port and back to Japan.

**1894 - The Donghak Revolution, and the First Sino-Japanese War:** The outbreak of the Donghak Peasant Revolution in 1894 changed Japanese policy toward Korea. The Korean government asked for Chinese assistance in ending the revolt, and Japanese leaders decided upon military intervention to challenge China. When China sent troops into Korea, Japan responded by sending its own troops into Korea. Japan won the First Sino-Japanese War, and China signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895. Among its many stipulations, the treaty recognized "the full and complete independence and self governance of Korea," this ended Korea's relationship with the Chinese. Which lead to Korea becoming fully independent in 1895. Japan also fought/suppressed the Donghak Peasant Revolution which then made Japans military the biggest in Korea [1]

**1907 - The Korean Righteous Army (Ui Byong Dae)** is joined by elements of the Yi Army and anti-Japanese yangban (Korean aristocrats). The Army conducts guerrilla (a lot of small fights) against the Japanese. Koreans then migrate to Manchuria and Siberia in large numbers. The significance of this is that Korea is revolting to Japans imperialistic actions.

**Japanese colonial rule in Korea. (1910-1945).** ** Annexation Treaty, 1910 - ** In May 1910, Japan’s minister of war, Terauchi Masatake, was given an order to finalize Japans control over Korea. The previous treaties that he had made. Made Korea a protectorate of Japan and had established Japanese control over Korean domestic politics. On August 22,1910, Japan effectively incorporated Korea with the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty signed by Lee Wan-Yong, who is the Prime Minister of Korea, and Terauchi Masatake, who is the first Japanese Governor General for Korea. This is significant because, T he treaty stated that the Korean prime minister granted complete control over Korea to the Emperor of Japan, but research is now being done about this treaty, which is stating that since the treaties were signed by force from the Japanese Government. The Korean Emperor who’s signature was needed due to his royal assent was not received by the Japanese. Which therefore makes the treaties a void. [1]

**Japanese Colonialism begins, 1919 -** At first, Japan ruled by military power for ten years and killed many people to get their message across of imperialism. After a nationwide protest against Japanese colonialism that began on March 1, 1919, Japanese rule relaxed somewhat, allowing the Koreans to have limited freedom but were still a bit terrorized by Japan. Despite the often oppressive and heavy handed rule of the Japanese authorities, many recognizably modern aspects of Korean society emerged or grew considerably during the 35-year period of colonial rule. These included rapid urban growth, the expansion of commerce, and forms of mass culture such as radio and cinema, which became widespread for the first time. Industrial development also took place, partly encouraged by the Japanese colonial state, although primarily for the purposes of enriching Japan and fighting the wars in China and the Pacific rather than to benefit the Koreans themselves. Their rule ended in 1954. The Korean War was able to bring diverse effects to not only Korea but he whole World.

__Positive and Negative impacts:__
**Population and Population of military:** __Pro:__ Besides world economic success and social devastation the Korean War was also able to legitimize the United Nations as well as bring larger military expansion to the world. __Con:__ 4 million Koreans died throughout the peninsula (2/3 civilians) China lost 1 million soldiers, and the US 36,934 dead and 103,284 injured. Other UN nations got 3,322 dead and 11,949 injured.

**Independence:** __Pro:__ South Korea became a free republic nation. __Con:__ North Korea reminded a communist nation and South Korea became a free republic. This social difference stills brings conflict even today.

**Culture & Language:** Pro: The cultures and languages were basically shared and taught to the Koreans, so they were exposed to better technology that would of got passed down from the USA to Japan to Korea. Con: The Koreans would of lost some of there cultures.

**Land & Resources:** __Con:__ The war also brought environmental damage to Korea especially in the North where there were 3 years of bombing, the consequences from the bombing where hardly a modern building standing.

**Economic:** __Pro:__ Although the Korean War had negative effects on Korea, at the same time it however increased the economy of Japan, and the USA. Japan's Marshal Plan (economic aid program that helped rebuild post-war Europe). __Con:__ The Korean war was very destructive and brought economic and social damages to Korea.

(USS Randall leaves Yokohama, March 11, 1951, carrying the first American war dead of the Korean War )

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule [1]

http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/webcourse/key_points/kp_11.htm