Dutch+in+Indonesia

**__Dutch In Indonesia__**


 * __Time Line:__**

**__1603- The Dutch East India Company:__** The Dutch East India Company was created in 1603, when the first trading post was established. These sites were mostly placed in the  spice production areas, which was far from other trading routes that either leaded to Africa or Japan. This company was of very importance to Indonesia, and in 1619, Jan Pieterszoon Coen was appointed Governor General of this company. On May 30th, 1619, he and the military, which in included nineteen ships, attacked Jakarta, and Batavia became the headquarters of it all. The reason for this attack was to make Batavia the center of Asian trades that went to Japan, Persia, and Burmese. After that period, it became a very important trade post, which really influenced the country.

**__1928- The Youth Pledge:__** On October 28th, 1928, a young Indonesian nationalist in the Dutch East Indies had an idea of three goals, one motherland, one nation, and one language. The rules of this declaration determined that the citizen’s must commit, acknowledge, and respect one land, Indonesia. This impacted Indonesia because of the sudden change of nationalism throughout the country.  The Pledge Reads: "Firstly, We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia.  Secondly,  We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one nation, the nation of Indonesia.  Thirdly,  We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, respect the language of unity, Indonesia."

**__1942- Japanese Occupation:__**  Indonesia was known as the Dutch East Indies, but during World War II the Japanese empire took over from March 1942 until after the end of War in 1945. The period was one of the most critical in Indonesian history. The Japanese coming was the first serious of challenge the Dutch had faced in Indonesia, for it ended the Dutch colonial rule, and when it ended there were so many changes from the Japanese that it lead to the Indonesia revolution. In Netherlands the Dutch were under German control, so the Netherlands had little ability to defend its colony against the Japanese army, ending over 300 years of Dutch colonial presence in Indonesia. With the arrival of the Japanese just about everyone was full of hope, except for those who had worked in the service of the Dutch. 

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__**1945- The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence:**__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read at 10:00 a.m on Friday August 17th, 1945. After being under Dutch colonialism for more than three and a half centuries, and Japanese colonialism for three and a half years, Indonesia finally became independent. The declaration began the diplomatic and armed- resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the Netherlands until they officially acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949. In 2005, the Netherlands finally accepted 17th of August, 1945 as Indonesia's independence date. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__** 1949- The Dutch Recognition of Indonesian Sovereignty: **__ <span style="color: #2a1c1a; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">The Dutch lost its control over Indonesia to the Japanese in 1942. The Japanese ruled Indonesia until the end of the World War II in 1945. After the war the Japanese were ousted and the Dutch tried to regain their control over their colonial rule over Indonesia, and for 4 and ½ years they launched military campaigns to regain their colonial lands and resources. During this time, the Indonesian Revolutionary Independence movement started by the indigenous people that rebelled against the Dutch. Many of the battles the revolutionary forces were armed with only home made spears and fought against the Dutch industrialized weapons. In 1949, after many battles, the Dutch finally relinquished their rights to sovereignty and gave it back to the indigenous Indonesian people. <span style="color: #2a1c1a; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">**__Land and Resources__** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">The early Dutch explorers discovered significant riches in Indonesia’s spices. This discovery led to the establishment of cash crop farms, plantations, owned by the Dutch but cultivated by the Indonesian peasants. These cash crops included coffee, and spices such as nutmeg, cloves and cinnamon. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__Pros:__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- The exploitation of Indonesian’s resources was not entirely negative for their people. By developing the land, the Dutch had to develop roads, railroads and ports as a means to transport the riches of the land. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- These infrastructure improvements were lasting legacies for the Indonesian people to build upon when the Dutch were no longer in control of their nation. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__Cons:__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- The Dutch exploited the land and the peasant labor to improve on its own economic welfare of its nation back in Europe. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- Exploitation of the land did not only include cash crops but also the Dutch discovered and exported oil resources to fuel the industrialization of the Netherlands and the rest of Europe. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- The Indonesian people did not realize a lot of benefit from the exploitation of its land and resources directly as most filled the peasant role and were essentially slaves to their Dutch overlords.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">**__Culture and Language:__** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__Pros:__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- With the new language and culture from the Dutch they can have an easier time fitting into the mainstream society, which will give them a little more power. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- The Dutch would allow the Indonesian people to speak their own language so they could communicate with each other easily. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- Because of the Dutch opening them to the world, famous artists were born and made beautiful paintings that they shared with the world. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- It also opened the doors to new cuisine that people eat all over the world. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__Cons:__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- The schools were all Dutch schools so they had to learn lots of Dutch which lead to the loss of certain languages. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- Many Dutch loan words are used by Indonesian people which takes away from their culture and language. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- With the Dutch going there many other people from other countries came which lead to more loss of culture and language. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- Many Indonesian people began to write plays instead which was Dutch culture so it was affecting the Indonesian’s culture.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">**__Political Antinomy:__** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__Pros:__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- The Indonesian people’s independence gave them their rights and freedoms that they had been wanting for a long time. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- Also it helped them to bond with Japan and become very close. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- The Dutch couldn’t come back because Japan was still there. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__Cons:__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- They became distant and hated by Dutch. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- The Indonesian people were slightly pulled out of mainstream society by getting their independence. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- Couldn’t trade with the Dutch.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__**Population:**__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__Pros:__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- While the population was increasing, the government created a policy, which improved the welfare for Indonesian people in education and health care. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- The population was not forced to lose their main language,and by 1942, only two percent of the population spoke Dutch. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__Cons:__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- Because of the decrease in land for the production of rice, and increase of population, the result was more hardships. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- During the recession of the late 1880s and the early 1890s, a lot of the citizen's starved because of the increase of people. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- During the colonial period, a lot of the Javanese People (Indigenous peoples of Indonesia) migrated away, because they wanted to move away from the Dutch colonist.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__**Economy**__: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__Pros:__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- They made a lot of money because the Dutch introduced coffee, tea, cacao, tobacco, and rubber- they produced it and sold it overseas. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">__Cons:__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">- Because of how much the Indies were making, the Dutch made a system called "The Cultivation System"- farmers had to deliver, as a form of tax, fixed amounts of specified crops, such as sugar or coffee. It brought a lot of economic hardship to the people.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Resources: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_Pledge <span style="background-color: initial; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_people#Migrations